Class-6th Computer Algorithm and Flowchart

Class:-  6th 

Important Full Forms of Computer Technology

Hardware Components

1.     CPU - Central Processing Unit  

2.     GPU - Graphics Processing Unit  

3.     SSD - Solid State Drive  

4.     HDD - Hard Disk Drive  

5.     NIC - Network Interface Card  

6.     MAC - Media Access Control  

7.     BIOS - Basic Input Output System  

8.     PCB - Printed Circuit Board  

9.     CRT - Cathode Ray Tube  

10.     OLED - Organic Light-Emitting Diode  

11.     VGA - Video Graphics Array  

12.     SVGA - Super Video Graphics Array  

 Networking 

13.     LAN - Local Area Network  

14.     WAN - Wide Area Network  

15.     MAN - Metropolitan Area Network  

16.     PAN - Personal Area Network  

17.     WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network  

18.     SAN - Storage Area Network  

19.     CAN - Campus Area Network  

20.     VPN - Virtual Private Network  

21.     VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network  

22.     ISP - Internet Service Provider  

23.     DNS - Domain Name System  

24.     DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol  

25.     TCP - Transmission Control Protocol  

26.     UDP - User Datagram Protocol  

27.     SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol  

28.     ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol  

29.     NAT - Network Address Translation  

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Programming & Software

30.     API - Application Programming Interface  

31.     GUI - Graphical User Interface  

32.     CLI - Command Line Interface  

33.     SDK - Software Development Kit  

34.     JVM - Java Virtual Machine  

35.     JRE - Java Runtime Environment  

36.     XML - Extensible Markup Language  

37.     HTML - Hypertext Markup Language  

38.     SQL - Structured Query Language  

39.     OOP - Object-Oriented Programming  

40.     SaaS - Software as a Service  

41.     PaaS - Platform as a Service  

42.     IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service  

 Storage & Data Transfer

43.     RAM - Random Access Memory  

44.     ROM - Read-Only Memory  

45.     USB - Universal Serial Bus  

46.     DPI - Dots Per Inch  

47.     MB - Megabyte  

48.     GB - Gigabyte  

49.     TB - Terabyte  

50.     PB - Petabyte  

51.     EB - Exabyte  

52.     ZB - Zettabyte  

53.     YB - Yottabyte  

54.     KB - Kilobyte  

55.     bps - Bits Per Second  

56.     KBps - Kilobytes Per Second  

57.     MBps - Megabytes Per Second  

58.     GBps - Gigabytes Per Second  

59.     Tbps - Terabits Per Second  

60.     IOPS - Input/Output Operations Per Second  

61.     RPM - Revolutions Per Minute  

Security & Protocols

62.     SSL - Secure Sockets Layer  

63.     TLS - Transport Layer Security  

64.     HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure  

65.     WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy  

66.     WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access  

67.     IDS - Intrusion Detection System  

68.     IPS - Intrusion Prevention System  

Miscellaneous

69.     AI - Artificial Intelligence  

70.     ML - Machine Learning  

71.     IoT - Internet of Things  

72.     ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange  

73.     GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications  

74.     ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning  

75.     CRM - Customer Relationship Management  

76.     OCR - Optical Character Recognition  

77.     MICR - Magnetic Ink Character Recognition  

78.     MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface  

79.     COMPUTER (Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technical Education Research) 

80.     IPv6 - Internet Protocol version 6  

81.     CD-ROM - Compact Disc Read-Only Memory  

82.     DVD - Digital Versatile Disc  

83.     FTP - File Transfer Protocol  

84.    HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol  

85.     TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol  

86.     IVR - Interactive Voice Response  

87.     RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks  

88.     SCSI - Small Computer System Interface  

89.     UEFI - Unified Extensible Firmware Interface  

90.     VR - Virtual Reality  

91.     WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get  

92.     Virus - Vital Information Resources Under Siege

93.     RAT - Remote Access Trojan

94.     WORM - Write Once Read Many

95.     SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

96.    FDD - Floppy Disk Drive

97.    FAT - File Allocation Table

98.    FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

99.    MS - Microsoft 

100.  FIFO - First In First Out

Important Shortcut key for Computer Window

1.    Ctrl + Shift + N: Create a new folder.

2.   Ctrl + C: Copy selected text or item

3.   Ctrl + X: Cut selected text or item

4.   Ctrl + V: Paste copied or cut text or item

5.   Ctrl + Z: Undo previous action

6.   Ctrl + A: Select all text or items

7.   Ctrl + F: Find a specific word.

8.  Ctrl + S: Save document or file

9.  Ctrl + N: Open a new document or file

10.  Ctrl + O: Open an existing document or file

11. Ctrl + P: Print the current document or file

12. Alt + Tab: Switch between open windows or applications

13.  Windows key + L: Lock the computer

14.  Windows key + D: Show or hide the desktop

15.  Windows key + E: Open File Explorer

16.  Windows key + R: Open the Run dialog box

17.  F1: Open help Window

18.  F5: Refresh the current webpage 

19.  Ctrl + Alt + Delete: Open Task Manager

20.  Alt + F4 : Closed running program 

Basic questions and answers related to computer 

Q.1    Who is the father of computer?

Ans:-    Charles Babbage 

Q.2    What is computer?

Ans:-    Computer is an electronic device that transform data into meaningful information.

Q.3    What is smallest unit of data in computer ? 

Ans:-    Bit is the smallest unit of data in computer

Chapter:- 1 Algorithms and Flowcharts

Page-12    

A. Multiple Choice Questions 

1. B) Instructions

2. D) Go to 

3. C) Both a) and b) 

4. B) Diamond 

5. A) arrow going upward/backward

B. True or False  

1. True 

2. False

3. True 

4. False 

5.  True

6. False 

C. Fill in the blanks 

1. Circle area calculation

Start  

1. Input radius  

2. Set pi = 3.14  

2. Set z = radius * radius  * pi  

3. Display z  

End  

2. Dividing bigger number with smaller.

START  

Step 1: Input number1  

Step 2: Input number2  

Step 3: if number1 > number2 then go to Step 5  

Step 4: if number1 < number2 then go to 6  

Step 5: Set a = number1 / number2 then go to Step 7  

Step 6: Set a = number2 / number1  

Step 7: Display a  

END  

3. Check pocket money and buy items 

START  

Step 1: Set pocket_money=1200  

Step 2: Input burger  

Step 3: Input jeans  

Step 4: if burger + jeans < pocket_money, display "Buy both"  

Step 5: if pocket_money - burger < jeans, display "Buy only burger"  

Step 6: if pocket_money - jeans < burger, display "Buy only jeans"  

END  

4. Loop until input is 0. If input is even, display its square otherwise display its cube. 

START  

Step 1: Set num=0  

Step 2: Display "Enter a number"  

Step 3: Input num  

Step 4: if num is 0  , go to END  

Step 5: if num modulus 2 = 0, otherwise go to Step 8  

Step 6: Display num _ num  

Step 7: Go to Step 2  

Step 8: If num modulus 2 is not 0  

Step 9: Display num _ num _ num  

Step 10: Go to Step 2  

END  

C. Key Vocabulary 

 Algorithm:-     A set of statements arranged in a logical sequence to execute a task.

Flowchart:-     Visual presentation of an algorithm showing flow of a program.

Logic:-      A reasonably justified sequence of steps or any such explanation.

 D.     Answer the following questions 

Q.1    What is an algorithm ? Write its 5 benefits or uses. 

Ans:-    An algorithm is a set of statements arranged in a logical sequence to execute a task. 

Benefits of algorithm :

i) Clear logic 

ii) Language independent 

iii) Easy debugging 

iv) Better Development

v) Reusability

Q.2    What is a flowchart? How is it different from an algorithm?

Ans:-   Flowchart:- A flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm . 

Algorithm                               Flowchart

i) Written in words           i) Drawn using symbols/diagram

ii) Text based                       ii)  Pictorial base 

iii) Harder to understand   iii) Easier to understand visually

Q.3     Describe major components of a flowchart briefly . 

Ans:-    The common symbols that make the parts of a flowchart are explained here.

Terminators:- They mark the beginning and ending of the flowchart. They are labelled as START or END. They are represented by a capsule shape.

Process:-   The calculations such as arithmetic operations are showed inside process box represented by a rectangle. 

Input/ Output:- These are shown by a parallelogram. 

Decisions :- The decisions are mentioned as a question in a diamond shape.

 Arrows :-  Arrows show the direction of the flowchart. 

Connectors :- A connector mentions the next page number form where the flowchart is continuing connectors are shown with perfect circles.

Q.4    What do you mean by a loop ? 

Ans:-    A loop is a programming concept where a set of instructions is repeated multiple times until a certain condition is met.

Q.5    Write algorithms and draw flowcharts for the following:

 a. Calculate the area of a right-angled triangle

Algorithm:

    1. Start

    2. Input base, height of the triangle

    3. Calculate Area = $0.5 \times base \times height$

    4. Display Area

    5. Stop

 FlowChart :-  

B.     Input lengths and breadths of two rectangles and find which one is bigger.

Algorithm:

    1. Start

    2. Input L1, B1 for rectangle 1

    3. Input L2, B2 for rectangle 2

    4. Calculate Area1 = L1 *  B1

    5. Calculate Area2 = L2 * B2

    6. If Area1 > Area2 then Display "Rectangle 1 is bigger"

    7. Else if Area2 > Area1 then Display "Rectangle 2 is bigger"

    8. Else Display "Both are equal"

    9. Stop

Flowchart  :- 

C.     Accept password twice, check if same. If not, accept again.

Algorithm:

    1. Start

    2. Repeat:

          - Input Password1

          - Input Password2

          - If Password1 = Password2 then Break loop

          - Else Display "Passwords do not match, enter again"

    3. Display "Password accepted"

    4. Stop

Flowchart: 

 

 

D.    Display perimeter of square -

Algorithm:

Step 1: Set p to 0

Step 2: input length 

Step 3 : Set p to length *4 

Step 4 : Display P

END

Flowchart :-