Class-7th (Chapter- 1 How computers Represent Data ? )

Important Full Forms of Computer Technology

Hardware Components

1.     CPU - Central Processing Unit  

2.     GPU - Graphics Processing Unit  

3.     SSD - Solid State Drive  

4.     HDD - Hard Disk Drive  

5.     NIC - Network Interface Card  

6.     MAC - Media Access Control  

7.     BIOS - Basic Input Output System  

8.     PCB - Printed Circuit Board  

9.     CRT - Cathode Ray Tube  

10.     OLED - Organic Light-Emitting Diode  

11.     VGA - Video Graphics Array  

12.     SVGA - Super Video Graphics Array  

 Networking 

13.     LAN - Local Area Network  

14.     WAN - Wide Area Network  

15.     MAN - Metropolitan Area Network  

16.     PAN - Personal Area Network  

17.     WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network  

18.     SAN - Storage Area Network  

19.     CAN - Campus Area Network  

20.     VPN - Virtual Private Network  

21.     VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network  

22.     ISP - Internet Service Provider  

23.     DNS - Domain Name System  

24.     DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol  

25.     TCP - Transmission Control Protocol  

26.     UDP - User Datagram Protocol  

27.     SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol  

28.     ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol  

29.     NAT - Network Address Translation  

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Programming & Software

30.     API - Application Programming Interface  

31.     GUI - Graphical User Interface  

32.     CLI - Command Line Interface  

33.     SDK - Software Development Kit  

34.     JVM - Java Virtual Machine  

35.     JRE - Java Runtime Environment  

36.     XML - Extensible Markup Language  

37.     HTML - Hypertext Markup Language  

38.     SQL - Structured Query Language  

39.     OOP - Object-Oriented Programming  

40.     SaaS - Software as a Service  

41.     PaaS - Platform as a Service  

42.     IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service  

 Storage & Data Transfer

43.     RAM - Random Access Memory  

44.     ROM - Read-Only Memory  

45.     USB - Universal Serial Bus  

46.     DPI - Dots Per Inch  

47.     MB - Megabyte  

48.     GB - Gigabyte  

49.     TB - Terabyte  

50.     PB - Petabyte  

51.     EB - Exabyte  

52.     ZB - Zettabyte  

53.     YB - Yottabyte  

54.     KB - Kilobyte  

55.     bps - Bits Per Second  

56.     KBps - Kilobytes Per Second  

57.     MBps - Megabytes Per Second  

58.     GBps - Gigabytes Per Second  

59.     Tbps - Terabits Per Second  

60.     IOPS - Input/Output Operations Per Second  

61.     RPM - Revolutions Per Minute  

Security & Protocols

62.     SSL - Secure Sockets Layer  

63.     TLS - Transport Layer Security  

64.     HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure  

65.     WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy  

66.     WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access  

67.     IDS - Intrusion Detection System  

68.     IPS - Intrusion Prevention System  

Miscellaneous

69.     AI - Artificial Intelligence  

70.     ML - Machine Learning  

71.     IoT - Internet of Things  

72.     ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange  

73.     GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications  

74.     ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning  

75.     CRM - Customer Relationship Management  

76.     OCR - Optical Character Recognition  

77.     MICR - Magnetic Ink Character Recognition  

78.     MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface  

79.     COMPUTER (Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technical Education Research) 

80.     IPv6 - Internet Protocol version 6  

81.     CD-ROM - Compact Disc Read-Only Memory  

82.     DVD - Digital Versatile Disc  

83.     FTP - File Transfer Protocol  

84.    HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol  

85.     TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol  

86.     IVR - Interactive Voice Response  

87.     RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks  

88.     SCSI - Small Computer System Interface  

89.     UEFI - Unified Extensible Firmware Interface  

90.     VR - Virtual Reality  

91.     WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get  

92.     Virus - Vital Information Resources Under Siege

93.     RAT - Remote Access Trojan

94.     WORM - Write Once Read Many

95.     SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

96.    FDD - Floppy Disk Drive

97.    FAT - File Allocation Table

98.    FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

99.    MS - Microsoft 

100.  FIFO - First In First Out

Important Shortcut key for Computer Window

1.    Ctrl + Shift + N: Create a new folder.

2.   Ctrl + C: Copy selected text or item

3.   Ctrl + X: Cut selected text or item

4.   Ctrl + V: Paste copied or cut text or item

5.   Ctrl + Z: Undo previous action

6.   Ctrl + A: Select all text or items

7.   Ctrl + F: Find a specific word.

8.  Ctrl + S: Save document or file

9.  Ctrl + N: Open a new document or file

10.  Ctrl + O: Open an existing document or file

11. Ctrl + P: Print the current document or file

12. Alt + Tab: Switch between open windows or applications

13.  Windows key + L: Lock the computer

14.  Windows key + D: Show or hide the desktop

15.  Windows key + E: Open File Explorer

16.  Windows key + R: Open the Run dialog box

17.  F1: Open help Window

18.  F5: Refresh the current webpage 

19.  Ctrl + Alt + Delete: Open Task Manager

20.  Alt + F4 : Closed running program 

Chapter- 1 How computers Represent Data ? 

Key Vocabulary

Bit :             Smallest unit of representing data in computers.

Byte :          Set of 8 bits.

ASCII :         American Standard Code for Information Interchange

EBCDIC :     Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ()

UNICODE : Universal Character Set Code

UTF :             Unicode Transformation Format

Base :     Number of digits used in a number system.    

A.    Answer the following questions in short.

Q.1      How many types of number system are there in computer. 

Ans:-     There are four types of number system:-    

            Number System                                         Base 

 1.     Binary Number System                                  2

2.     Octal Number System                                      8

3.     Decimal Number System                              10

4.     Hexadecimal Number System                    16        

Q.2    What is stands for ASCII & UNICODE ?

Ans:-    ASCII :- American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

UNICODE :-  Universal Character Set 

Q.3          Solve this binary addition 

    i)    (1 0 0 0)  + (0 1 1 1)

                Ans :-    1 0 0 0                            

                           + 0 1 1 1 

                              1 1 1  1

ii)     (1 1 1 1 1)     +   (0 1 0 1 1)

Ans:-               1    1    1    1        ------- carry over 

                         1   1    1    1    1

                    +   0    1    0    1    1

                      1 0    1    0    1    0

Q.4    What do you understand by number system? 

Ans:-    A number system can be defined as a way of counting. We humans use numbers 0 to 9 for counting. These are 10 unique number, Ten means deca .

B.    Answer the following questions in long.

Q.1    What do you mean by the terms bit, byte, and nibble?  

Ans:-    Bit:- The smallest unit of data in a computer. It can have a value of either 0 or 1.

Byte: A group of 8 bits. It is used to represent one character like A or 5.

Nibble: A group of 4 bits. It is half of a byte.

Q.2        What is the use of character encoding system?

Ans:-    A character encoding system is used to convert text characters like letters, numbers, and symbols into a format that computers can understand, which is binary code. It helps computers store and display text.

Q.3    Name 3 character-encoding systems and describe Universal character set code system briefly.  

Ans:-    Three character-encoding systems are:  

1. ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange  

2. ISCII - Indian Script Code for Information Interchange  

3. Unicode- Universal Character Set  

Universal Character Set (Unicode): Unicode is a universal encoding system that can represent characters from almost all languages in the world. It assigns a unique number to every character, so computers can display text in any language.

Q.4    What do you mean by the bases of number system?

Ans:-     The base of a number system means the total number of digits or symbols used to represent numbers in that system. It is also called radix.

Binary has base 2 → uses 0, 1  

Decimal has base 10 → uses 0 to 9  

Octal has base 8 → uses 0 to 7  

Hexadecimal has base 16 → uses 0 to 9 and A to F